Write my custom paper: 2020

Tuesday, September 15, 2020

Best Paper Writing Service

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Friday, September 11, 2020

A Complete Guide To Writing A Reflective Essay

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Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Essay Writing Services

Essay Writing Services Before submitting all of the essays to our shoppers, we verify them on plagiarism, Grammarly, and manually evaluate the logic of the work done. Communication is vital for a profitable service rendering. Afraid that our quick service may lead to low-high quality papers? Even inside the brief amount of time we've with you, you will have full control over your order. Every essay or research paper we write is completely distinctive. Most of the papers I ordered have been in minor topics, but as soon as I had to order a research paper in history . I was actually pleased with the depth of the analysis and the general paper organization. When you first contact us to search out essay writers for hire, we'll scour through our database of writers and discover one that matches up with you. We'll make sure that that essay author is the best essay author for you. Your authentic essay will be completed in simply three hours. Join up with qualified essay writers who're committed to excellence. They delivered my essay on time and I did not discover a single mistake in it. Now, I know who to show to when the deadline is pressing. We understand that college students could also be afraid of ordering online assignments because of the risks of being revealed. Neither third-parties nor your professor will know that we wrote your essay. Beyond that, we assure non-disclosure of all of your personal knowledge when you contact us or register with us. If you desire a human proofreader to check your work, you may use Proessaywriting. It is a professional writing service that has experienced proofreaders who can pick up errors that a machine cannot find. Pro essay writers work non-cease to allow you to achieve better outcomes effortlessly. So, this website just isn't only useful for general topics, but also for those you main in â€" the quality gainedâ€™t disappoint. I needed a paper urgently and, at first, was fairly skeptical about inserting an order. Still, my author did not solely deliver a 10-page paper in philosophy on time â€" I really got an A+ for it! I just submitted it at school, however I suppose I will get an A for it. If I do, I'll be ordering many papers from this firm from now on. All providers I've used thus far make so many promises, you'd think your paper can be worth an award. Then they ship plagiarized papers with so many ridiculous errors. This is the one company that actually stands up to their guarantees, so I highly suggest it. This is maybe the tenth time I am ordering from them, and so they have not failed me not as soon as! My analysis paper was of wonderful quality, as at all times. The expertise taught in this Specialization will empower you to achieve any school-stage course or professional area. We donâ€™t have any databases of papers weâ€™ve beforehand written for our customers. Thatâ€™s why we will write a paper according to your directions in an hour, in a few days, or in a week if wanted, and you get a paper thatâ€™s considered one of a sort. As you'll be able to see, a writing company is required not just because students are after comfort. In fact, a lot of our clients rent us as a result of they're very dedicated to their research and they need instructions with these papers, to allow them to get better at writing. Youâ€™ll learn to conduct rigorous academic research and to express your ideas clearly in an academic format. In the ultimate Capstone Project, all of the data that you simplyâ€™ve gained over the span of those courses will culminate into a tutorial research paper on a difficulty of your selection. I already graduated from faculty, and now I can say that these guys have helped me through it! In the last five years, Iâ€™ve placed multiple order here, and all of them came out nice. As evidenced by 1000's of optimistic reviews and an overall ninety eight% satisfaction price, they cope brilliantly with this task. And they will be glad to see your suggestions at some point, too. Text us â€œassist me write my paperâ€ and enjoy superior text high quality similar to 1000's of scholars before you. When the text is completed, edited, and proofread, it appears on your profile board.

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Friday, August 28, 2020

Essay Writers

Essay Writers Youâ€™re attempting to write something your instructor or professor will like. Reading your essay permits your lecturer to assess the diploma to which you've engaged with studying and reworked data into information. It encourages you to develop a formal, disciplined approach to writing that communicates clearly and with authority. Another approach to set the speed of pay is to cost extra for initiatives which might be due in a short while. These â€œrush jobsâ€ are typically priced greater than non-rush jobs, for obvious causes. However, if you bid on tasks, donâ€™t anticipate a great deal more freedom, especially at first. If you're employed for a good firm, anticipate to earn about 30%-forty% per web page what they charge the clients. The factor I remorse most about high school and faculty is that I handled it like one thing Ihadto do quite than one thing Iwantedto do. If you concentrate on how, youâ€™ll at all times have enough to put in writing about. In faculty, I found a trick that helped me go from a B-average student to an A-pupil, however before I explain the way it works, let me warn you. This approach ispowerful, nevertheless it won't work for all teachers or professors. After you write your five sentences, itâ€™s simple to fill in the paragraphs they will find themselves in. Double spaced, 5000 phrases is around 20 pages; single spaced about 10 pages. Examples of 5000 word rely pages embrace school theses, dissertation research, or very complete, in-depth blog posts. You may also want to think about the difference between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Quoting is reserved for traces of textual content which are identical to an original piece of writing. Writing an essay improves your skill with the word, syllable, style, that is so essential for everyday life. Woman palms with pen writing on pocket book within the workplace. I canâ€™t assure youâ€™ll get a higher grade , but I can absolutely promise youâ€™ll have a lot more fun writing. Because if you give attention to external approval, you shut down your subconscious, and the subconscious is the source of your creativity. What this implies practically is that when youâ€™re making an attempt to write that excellent, A-plus-worthy sentence, youâ€™re turning off most of your greatest assets. Youâ€™re attempting to get an A instead of writing one thing thatâ€™s really good. That often comes out to between $10.00 and $15.00 per web page. If you work for a much less-reputable company, this percentage may properly be less. In basic, the less money the client pays per web page, the much less money you're going to get. Then once more, the quicker you'll be able to write, the extra money you will make (and that holds true whatever the per-web page price you get). Even although you're dealing with the author's view in regards to the query, you have to categorical it in your personal phrases. Paraphrasing is reserved for large sections of someone else's writing that you simply wish to convey in your own phrases. Summarizing puts the details from someone else's textual content into your individual phrases. Here's more on When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize. Now the essay is written, but you're not fairly carried out. Reread what you've got written, searching for mistakes and typos. While you donâ€™t need to reap the benefits of a consumerâ€™s panic or desperation, the reality is that they will usually be prepared to pay extra if time is short. For that matter, you need to be paid more as nicely, since you'll most probably need to juggle some issues or pull an all-nighter to make it occur. Generally, rush jobs are priced at $1.00 to $three.00 more per page, relying upon just how tight the deadline is . If you work for a company, your price of pay shall be set by the company if you're considered an employee. Connects seamlessly with your free WordCounter account. Setup writing objectives you need to work towards and even embed them in your blog or web site. If you donâ€™t love what youâ€™re writing, no one else will, either. Writing essay helps to keep up psychological efficiency. The composition is gymnastics for the thoughts, respectively, as well as physical exertion, and it will allow you to maintain your self in good condition at any age.

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Essay Writing Services From Essay Writers Now On Writingessayeast Com

Essay Writing Services From Essay Writers Now On Writingessayeast Com Another method to set the rate of pay is to charge more for tasks that are due in a short while. These â€œrush jobsâ€ are typically priced larger than non-rush jobs, for apparent reasons. While you donâ€™t want to take advantage of a consumerâ€™s panic or desperation, the fact is that they'll often be keen to pay extra if time is brief. Your quest for critiques will begin on the same vacation spot. You find out if a sure service is a good selection in your type of project. They are mostly excited about studying evaluations before hiring a service. If they get what they wanted, they gainedâ€™t bother going from one reviewing website to another to share their optimistic impressions. When they are disappointed, they are going to be impressed to warn others in opposition to ordering at a sure web site. Ideally, you need critiques that triggered discussions. We already mentioned Awriter.org, which is great for that. You can learn trustworthy opinions by actual students under every evaluation. Thatâ€™s the very first thing you do if you want to discover something online. If you're employed for a great company, expect to earn about 30%-forty% per web page what they cost the purchasers. That often comes out to between $10.00 and $15.00 per page. If you work for a much less-reputable company, this proportion might well be much less. In common, the much less cash the client pays per page, the less money you will get. Then once more, the faster you'll be able to write, the more cash you will make (and that holds true whatever the per-page rate you get). For that matter, you need to be paid more as properly, since you will more than likely need to juggle some things or pull an all-nighter to make it happen. Generally, rush jobs are priced at $1.00 to $three.00 extra per page, relying upon just how tight the deadline is . If you work for a company, your fee of pay will be set by the corporate if you are considered an employee. However, when you bid on projects, donâ€™t anticipate an excellent deal extra freedom, especially at first. This technique ispowerful, however it might not work for all academics or professors. After you write your 5 sentences, itâ€™s simple to fill in the paragraphs they may find themselves in. I canâ€™t guarantee youâ€™ll get a better grade , however I can absolutely promise youâ€™ll have much more enjoyable writing. Because when you focus on external approval, you shut down your subconscious, and the subconscious is the source of your creativity. What this implies virtually is that whenever youâ€™re trying to write down that good, A-plus-worthy sentence, youâ€™re turning off most of your finest assets. Youâ€™re making an attempt to get an A as a substitute of writing something thatâ€™s really good. Youâ€™re attempting to write down something your teacher or professor will like. Reading your essay permits your lecturer to evaluate the degree to which you've engaged with studying and reworked data into data. It encourages you to develop a formal, disciplined method to writing that communicates clearly and with authority. Double spaced, 5000 words is round 20 pages; single spaced about 10 pages. Examples of 5000 word count pages embody college theses, dissertation analysis, or very complete, in-depth blog posts. Students usually are not all the time willing to share opinions, although. If you focus on how, youâ€™ll at all times have enough to write down about. In faculty, I found a trick that helped me go from a B-common pupil to an A-pupil, but before I explain how it works, let me warn you. The secret is that when you skip your relationship now, then it will be only tougher to make time for working on it later whenever you start working and building your career. If you already found the person you're keen on then attempt to do your finest to build profitable relationships. Read some books, suppose lots, spend time along with your beloved and do every little thing you want to do to make it work. With a loved and loving spouse, it's a lot easier to set a objective and rich it on the way in which of turning into profitable individual.

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Tuesday, June 2, 2020

5 Strategies to Overcome Your Essay Writing Anxiety

5 Strategies to Overcome Your Essay Writing Anxiety There will be some times in your student life when you will have to deal with writing anxiety or writerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s block. It will stop you in your tracks. The words will escape your mind instead of rolling off of your tongue. It happens even to the best writers, so donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t think that you are doing something wrong. However, there are times when you canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t just hang it up for the night: you have to hit that deadline. So, when you hit that Ã¢â‚¬Å"brick wallÃ¢â‚¬ , here are some things that will break right through it, so that you can get back to the process. Writing Buddy.Ã‚ When times are getting tough and you feel as though you canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t pull through, you can really benefit from having a writing buddy. They act as a great sounding board to bounce some ideas off. They can also help you decide on what to write when you get stuck. Get yourself a writing buddy (your friend or your group mate), so that when you are stuck, you can get in touch with them and they can help you work your way out of it. Assess Your Strengths.Ã‚ Understand what you are good at. There are certain styles of writing that you will do better than others. For example, not everyone can write creatively. Some can do it without an issue. Others are great with academic pieces. Gravitate around the assignments that you are good at. If there are parts of an essay that you are good with, skip to that section. You donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have to write a paper from beginning to end. When you have the best part of your paper written, it will be much easier to complete it by adding what is missing. Understand the Process.Ã‚ Many writers get stuck because they have some unrealistic ideas about the writing process. Some writers expect to handle a writing assignment in a certain amount of time and then if they fail to meet their expectations, it makes it hard for them. Writing is such a mental game. You need to not only understand what you are writing about, but you also have to know that there will be times when even the simplest assignments take too long. Give Yourself Some Credit.Ã‚ You need to give yourself some credit for being able to write the way you do. It is not always easy and sometimes you just need to give yourself a pat on the back. Think about your accomplishments.Ã‚ When it comes to understanding the writing process, you have to realize that a large portion of it is mental. If you are not in the right mindset, you may not be able to effectively write the papers that you are trying to finish. You need to understand the writing process and realize that sometimes you wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t get it right the first time around. Get Support.Ã‚ If you are still struggling, you can always seek professional essay writing help online. It is the best way to get out of funk because the professional writers have many tips that you can use. They can help you brainstorm ideas, come up with a good topic, and assist you when you are stuck. When you are feeling anxious, they can walk you through the writing process and make it much easier. These tips will help you when you get in a jam. If you have the time, you can always walk away and come back to it later. The ideas will start flowing again and you can get back to work. Take a walk, get a snack, or do a couple of jumping jacks. Just break your train of thought and watch the ideas flood back in.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Rape Within The State Rape - 1979 Words

Rape Defined in Idaho Ashley Ann Huddleston Centennial High School Abstract The Idaho Statute 18-6101 relates to all information about the definition of rape in Idaho in the state. The definition includes ten circumstances that are included, but not limited to, proving a person guilty of rape. Subsections one and two turn the focus to the age of which sex can be technically rape. Most Idahoans are aware of this definition and know it as the Romeo and Juliet Law. The original bill has changed quite a few times, but mostly only making minimal changes to words. The main hullabaloo on this statute is whether the age of consent should be lowered in Idaho, or to keep it the same. Policy Identification and Explanation Rape defined in IdahoÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦This was previously apart of the what was referred to as the Old Criminal Code. This code held the definition of rape, but just needed to be re-enacts Title 18 of the Idaho Code. This was reintroduced because of a case that was sprung among the courts. This case involv ed two adults by the names of Claudette Hall and Charles Rice, who were charged with and convicted of committing sexual acts with a minor child under the age of sixteen years, which violated in Old Criminal Code. The offense was supposedly committed on January 31, 1970, at the defendantÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s home in Boise. Both adults were guilty and were sentenced a term of up to ten years in prison (Legislature I. , 1972). There were multiple interest groups involved in helping moving this particular section of the Old Criminal Code into the modern Idaho Code, after this case. A group in particular was named The One Love Foundation. The One Love Foundation support this law being re-enacted to help protect young women and children against rape. This group was heavily involved in moving this bill into place (McQUADE, 2016). This case was brought up by the senate, voted into place by Senators Frank Church, Leonard B. Jordan, and other officials on March 17th, 1972. The house vote was 57-0-13, while the senate vote was 30-0-2. Republicans supported legislation. Governor Cecil D. Andrus signed the bill March 23rd, 1972, and the bill became effective July 1st, 1972 (Legislature, 1972). Current Situation The currentShow MoreRelatedRape And Sexual Assaults Within The United States Essay1784 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 PagesRape Women, girls, men, and boys are vulnerable victims of sexual assaults every day in our country. While females experience much higher rates of sexual assaults than males. The problem that this country faces is the lack of being able to track rapist, in addition to the victims that chose not to report their assault of being raped to the police. Issues of under reporting comes from the victims with multiple reasons that hinders them from reporting these heinous criminal acts. Thus, the sad realizationRead MoreRape: A Crime1196 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesThe definition of rape is: The unlawful compelling of a person through physical force or duress to have sexual intercourse. Basically, rape is a forceful act in trying any way possible to make someone have sex with them. This crime is still being committed to this day and is not viewed as big of an issue as it truly is. In order to prove rape is a disgusting and unnecessary crime, the following essay will consist of the history, laws, the cos ts involved, health effects, and the opposing sideÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s beliefsRead MoreRape: You Could Be the One in Six856 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesrough play with one another, the serious concept of rape is then minimized to light teasing; when in reality, rape physically and emotionally scars a person. There are ten different types of rape- sexual assault, child sexual abuse, drug facilitated assault, obsessive/ sadistic rape, sexual exploitation, sexual harassment, stranger rape, and partner rape. There are many laws against rape but many rape cases are not reported one of the first Rape Crisis Centers were established in 1974 to help womenRead MoreThe Sexual Rape Of The United States Through Legislation Regarding Marital Rape1484 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesSexism in the United States Through Legislation Regarding Marital Rape Recently, the general topic of rape has been widely discussed through various media platforms. Rape is the act of sexual assault of another person without their consent. With this in mind a prevailing notion is that marital rape does not occur, however, numerous cases have proven otherwise. Initially, husbands were not commonly put on trial for spousal rape. Each state now identifies rape within a marriage as an illegal act,Read MoreAquaintance Rape Essay667 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 PagesAquaintance Rape There are many types of rape. A very important type of rape is acquaintance rape. According to a researcher named R. Lance Shotland, there may be five kinds of acquaintance rape: beginning, early, relational, rape within sexually active couples (RSCA) with battery and RSAC without battery. They are described both in terms of length of the relationship and previous sexual activity. The first type of acquaintance rape is the beginning date rape. This form of rape happensRead MoreViolence Against Women Within The Family1252 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesViolence against women within the family is an ongoing issue. Marital rape is a very serious form of intimate violence. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the definition for marital rape is defined as, Ã¢â‚¬Å"sexual intercourse forced on a women by her husband, knowingly against her will.Ã¢â‚¬ (Oxford University Press). However, the legal definition varies from state to next; marital rape is commonly defined as unwanted penetration or intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) taken by force and/or threatRead MoreRape Crisis Centers For Women1704 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pages Rape Crisis Centers SER 101: Kevin Garganta Pierre Sophy Fall 2016 Ã¢â‚¬Æ' Abstract This research is focused on rape crisis centers for women who have been sexually abused or raped. Some survivors of rape and sexual abuse require the assistance of rape crisis centers to try and gain back control of their lives. Some women may require long-term counseling as a result whereas others do no. Whichever the case, with such a high number of survivors, the help must remain readily available. Read MoreMarital Rape And Spousal Rape1552 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesChilds Professor Sherene Jensen Sociology 100 16 November 2014 Marital Rape Marital rape, or spousal rape, had been an exceedingly controversial and touchy subject in the United States since the first feminist movement in the 1960s. In this paper, marital rape and spousal rape will be used interchangeably. One of the many challenges in addressing the topic of marital rape, is defining what behaviors should be considered rape. Rape is defined as the unlawful compelling of a person through physicalRead MoreRape Culture: Attitudes and Assessments Essay1713 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesRape, it seems to be an uncomfortable word for most people to hear or talk about. Whether itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s just embarrassing or a sore subject most people just donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t like to talk about it. There is a certain stigma that surrounds rape and that is the main source of the problem. There is rape culture in this country that leads men and women in this country to believe that in certain situations rape is okay. Whether she was Ã¢â‚¬Å"dressed like she was asking for itÃ¢â‚¬ or was passe d out drunk, these are not excuses forRead MoreShould College Campuses Be Safe Learning Environments?1648 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesCollege campuses are intended to be safe learning environments that provide students, especially female ones with the necessary security measures, to protect their own bodies, and to boost their psychological state. Unequivocally, the admission to one of the American universities is a turning point in the life of women, who are keen to improve their academic and social skills, and be an active part of the society. Picturing universities as places, where female students can peacefully experience the

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Looking At American History What Was The Key Factor Of...

Looking at American history, anyone can see that many problems started to show up in the middle 1900Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s that were never a problem for the past 1900 years. One wonders why what was a sin since the creation of the world doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t seem to be a Ã¢â‚¬ËœbiggyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ anymore. If one were to look in to the history of Christianity in America they will notice a great change that affected everything afterwards. The key factor of many of the problems in America is the cause of taking God out of schools. Up until 1962, the typical American school would use the Bible as their starting block of education. The students would learn how to read by reading the Bible. They would obtain great knowledge from the Bible and learn the principals of life. The students would also grow in their faith in God at school. Although there were time periods when America walked away from God, after several national revivals, America was one of the most prestigious countries in the world. In the middle of Am erica was God. Though many people may have never known God in a personal relationship, most of the people knew that there is a God and there was no doubt about it. Many people with a perfect life can admit that life is too good and perfect so there just needs to be some drama to make it interesting. So also America was so good that some people decided to make drama or a fuse about having God in schools and have prayer time part of the school schedule. So in 1962, Supreme Court voted 8-1 that Ã¢â‚¬Å"School-sponsored prayer inShow MoreRelatedNursing Shortage Of Maryland And How Does It Effect Healthcare2312 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 10 Pages Renita Scott March 17, 2015 PUAD 751.TW1 Sp15 What is the nursing shortage and why does it exist in Maryland? The History of Nursing The practice of nursing started in the past around the Middle Ages, where women in primitive societies where made to take care of the sick whether they wanted to or not. For example, in Ethiopia among the Zuni tribe, if a baby is born with part of the placenta covering the face, it was taken as a sign that the baby would be marked as one destinedRead MoreThe Field Of American Studies1758 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 Pagesthe field of American Studies and attempt to explain its ever changing definition. I will take the reader through the origins of American Studies and describe the events that led to changes in the discipline. The scholars in American Studies are constantly seeking to understand the practices by individuals and groups and their history of origin. Scholars struggle to understand how values and beliefs shape social and political realities within the U.S. and other countries. American Studies is anRead MoreEmployee Welfare Programs4038 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 17 Pagessigned into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. The programs included in this research paper are the social security program, the workersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ compensation program, and the unemployment compensation program instituted in the United States. The history surrounding these unique programs as well as provisions and concepts involving all three programs will be discussed. The research will include brief instructions on how to file a claim for both workersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ compensation and unemployment compensation.Read MoreEpidemiology, Tuberculosis, and the Homeless Population2612 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 11 Pagesmisconceptions, tuberculosis is no t a disease of the past. Tuberculosis remains a public health issue. It is estimated that one-third of the total world population is infected by tuberculosis (TB). The American lung association (2013) states, in 2011 alone there were nearly 9,000,000 new diagnosed cases of tuberculosis around the world and an estimated 1.4 million deaths because of this disease. In the United States, TB is not as common (but still a problem). In 2011, only 10,500 people reported havingRead MoreMulticulturalism In Canada: The benefits of a multicultural society.1881 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 Pageshas had only positive effects on Canada. There are some drawbacks that are due to Canadas policies on immigration and multiculturalism. However, by examining key points and facts concerning multiculturalism in Canada, it is evident that Canadas policies on multiculturalism have had mainly positive effects on Canadian society. Canada was the very first country in the world to introduce a multicultural policy (Satzewich, 1992). In 1969, the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism heardRead MoreEffective Managerial And Executive Selection3330 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 14 PagesEffective Managerial and Executive Selection The Pending Need Four key words sum up the topic of effective managerial selection: Need, Scarcity, Strategy and Potential. In todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s business environment, the need for effective managerial and executive talent is strong and the stakes are high. According to Strategic Finance, approximately 40% of the workforce in the United States is poised to retire within 20 years (Chavez). The problem most firms are facing is the pool for this top level talent is relativelyRead MoreFrom Extravagant Movie Theatres to Lowly Bomba Houses: Investigating the Degeneration of City Spaces Along Claro M. Recto Avenue, Manila10891 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 44 Pagesrehabilitation efforts and projects to curtail the problems bedeviling the entire length of Recto. Key informant interviews and a review of pertinent historical data elucidate various perspectives highlighting the process of degeneration. An in-depth analysis of the key informants was compared and contrasted to the accessed and analyzed literature and historical data. The findings of the study include: the investigation of how Recto Avenue was once a developed and progressive city, teeming withRead MoreThe Problem Of Plastic Surgery3254 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 14 Pagestheir looks and will have as many surgeries as they can to be as close to Ã¢â‚¬Å"theirÃ¢â‚¬ perfection as they can be. It can be said that there is an addiction to plastic surgery because for some people, it is just something they cannot stop doing. Throughout history, the search for a perfect body has played a very important role, leading to psychological disorders illustrated by the increase of plastic surgery and eating disorders. Throughout all generations, physical appearances have been a way of fitting inRead MorePolice Enforcement And The Law Enforcement2570 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 11 PagesThroughout law enforcement history there has been events that have occurred or changed made to better law enforcement for both the officer and the community. Since the early 1900s, law enforcement has been a part of our society and been there to enforce laws and protect the citizens of our country. Law enforcement has not always been the same though. Before we had what our current law enforcement is today, we had a much rougher version, one that always did not enforce the law, one with less lawsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Environmental Ethics2361 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 10 PagesThe writings for the week covered different approaches to what environmental ethics is and how it is obtained. Different approaches in the value in environmental ethics are found due to the different approaches. In terms of value one must find what value means to them a nd how they measure it. Dobel and Frendel came to the approach that religion is a basis of environmental ethics. This is due to the fact that roots of both Christianity and Judaism discussing the need to care for the earth in some

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Foundations of Christian World View Ã¢â‚¬ Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Christian World View. Answer: Introduction: In Christian faith the supreme power, God is referred as Father, it is evident in the holy bible. God created the world and hence he is considered as the father of all the creation. In the book of Genesis, the story of how God created the world in seven days is mentioned. He created Man and then women and gave them authority to rule over all the other living beings. Christianity as a religion was followed after the death and resurrection of Christ, when his disciples spread throughout the world. The basis of Christianity is the teachings of Jesus Christ who came always taught his followers to love one another. As per the Christian faith Jesus was the son of God and was sent by the Father to the world, that is how the supreme creator is referred in bible. All this point to the fact as per Christianity God is a male some theologizes even say that God is a female but the most important thing is that gender is for human beings and not for the creator. He is not a human being, the fact the idea of God and is beyond the human knowledge so God is often defined the way people think God to be. According to theologians the relationship of God is similar to that of a parent and a child. Christians consider God as almighty, which means that everything is possible for God. Even it has been in bible that With God all things are possible, one should have faith. Jesus has always put emphasis on the fact that pray the father almighty and everything would be given to you. Bible teaches its followers to love and forgive one another as God forgave the sins of Mankind and send his only son to the world to suffer for the sins of human beings. Love and forgiveness are two most important things in Christianity, which all the followers who have faith in God must practice. Conclusion: I believe that God is beyond our definition, it is very difficult for human knowledge to describe God. He is the supreme power, all things are possible for him. We can read about God from bible but knowing him would require a great deal of reflection. Although bible has given me a great deal of insight about the Father, who is the creator of the world according to the Christian faith. I can get a depth knowledge about God, his son Jesus and the holy spirit if I read the bible completely. All I have learned that the father, the son and the holy spirit are three forms of the one supreme God, he send his only son to the world to save the human beings. I came to know that the wages of sin is death as per the bible. The human beings were committing sins and so God sent his son to the world.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Is Galileo considered a hero or anti-hero Essay Example

Is Galileo considered a hero or anti-hero? Paper Galileo Galilei, the central character of Brechts play, is known as one of the most famous scientists of all the times. He was one of the first to study in depth the universe and is known as the Father of Modern Science. I consider a hero a person noted for his acts of courage or noble purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his/her life for the advantages of the human society. Galileo is shown as a hero on the first nine scenes of the play, for his courage to stand up the church and also for his passion and enthusiasm towards his aims. On the other hand, on the following scenes he is exposed with some characteristics of an anti-hero for his irreverence towards the church showing no respects whatsoever towards its privileged leaders and also for his coolness towards his daughter Virginia. Nevertheless, should Galileo be considered a hero or anti-hero for his actions? One of the most important characteristics that make Galileo a hero is his great determination and self-confidence in proving and demonstrating his ideas. He dedicated almost his entire life proving that his discoveries about the universe were right. Although, he knew that it would cost him a lot, he did not gave up the discoveries that he made. This is shown when he says: The sum of the angles in a triangle cannot be varied to suit the Vaticans convenience. P.68 This sentence shows that he refuses to ignore the changes for the sake of compromise on political and religious purposes. Even during the plague, he says: I didnt let the plague stop me from recording my observations, Pg.58 which shows his great determination towards his aim: scientific truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Galileo considered a hero or anti-hero? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is Galileo considered a hero or anti-hero? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is Galileo considered a hero or anti-hero? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Galileo is presented as a brave and courageous person who, in order to fulfill his aims went against the authority of the churches. Galileo had a great courage shown by the fact that he was not afraid to put up with the opposition. While the Italian church, scientists and the whole population of that time still held their believes strongly on the Ptolemaic system (which placed the earth in the center of the universe), Galileo explored and found out that the Copernican system of heliocentricism was the real one. The church did not accept his findings because they would look very stupid and according to them it is better to be wrong than to question what they called it the Gods creation. They blindly believed that the earth was in the center of the universe and changing this would mean that people would no longer be in the center of gods eyes. This is strongly supported by Sagredo who says Do you imagine the Pope will hear the truth when you tell them hes wrong, and not just hear that hes wrong? Do you imagine he will merely note in his diary: January 10th 1610-got rid of heaven? Pg.33 The courage he showed to have had grew weaker when the Inquisition forced him to recant publicly his support of Copernicus. He gets arrested and recants his theories, an act this that shows some negative qualities because he refuses to sacrifice himself for the sake of scientific truth. Andrea furious when he finds out claims: Unhappy is the land, that has no heroes. Andrea feels betrayed by this renounce of Galileo who in this scene has a sound change in appearance, giving the impression of having an indecisive and weak character. Galileo is shown as a sensible and reasonable person because he understands that knowledge and particularly scientific discoveries take always time to be accepted. On one of the dialogues Galileo had with the Little Monk, he says Your Campagna peasants are paying for the wars which the representative of gentle Jesus is waging in Germany and Spain p.66 where he blames the church on spending money on wars and not on the well being of the peasant and therefore showing no respect and fairness for these poor and unfortunate people. He says that otherwise they could live in plenty and develop the virtues of happiness and prosperity. Pg.66 This noble character he shows towards the society, is sometimes counteracted by some weaknesses of his like the fact that he himself wasnt very sensible when he took the idea of the telescope from a Dutch scientist. Although, this was a smart and cunning way to earn money he is shown as a dishonest person behaving very hideously for stealing credit for ot hers discoveries. In his personal relations with others, Galileo is shown affectionate and sympathetic towards both Andrea and Mrs. Sarti. However, he alienates and doesnt give any attention to his daughter, Virginia treating her (from the start of the play) in a very careless way. When Virginia asks him if she can have a look at the telescope, Galileo answers in a very unkind way saying What for? Its not a toy, leaving Virginia without words. Here, he behaves in a very unfair and biased way towards Virginia because while he got Andrea out of the bed to show him his discoveries, he treats his daughter in very humiliating and cold manner by making it clear to her that he things she is not a clever person. Also, on the third scene Virginia tries to comfort her father who is worried weather the court will have him or not, by telling him Of course theyll have you, Father, with your new stars and all that. Galileo to this affectionate and caring encouragement answers in a very revolting and unpleasantly cold manner saying to her Run along to your mass. These acts show how unfair and unpleasantly cold he was to his daughter showing no attention and kindness whatsoever towards her. During the plague, Galileo asks a man to bring (me) a small book and bread while the man laughing tells him youll be lucky if u get bread. Here, Galileo is shown very self-centered and irrational because his request is very absurd in that circumstance. He is presented as a very passionate and dedicated person who spent almost his entire life proving that his ideas about the universe were right. He had a great desire for scientific research, a thing this that makes him even more a hero His great enthusiasm and passion towards science, is shown on the conversation he has with his friend Sagredo where he says: The lure of proof is too great. Nearly everyone succumbs to it, sooner or later we all do. Thinking is one of the chief pleasures of the human race. Pg.29 His enthusiasm towards science is also shown on the conversation he has with the Little Monk who suggests to Galileo that the truth will get through without pg.68 their help and Galileo responds the only truth that gets though will be what we force through and he later concludes And the worst thing is that what I know I have to tell people, like a lover, like a drunken, like a traitor, even knowing that it is an absolute vice and leads to disaster.Pg.68 At last, Galileo says I enjoy doing my stuff pg.17 showing once more his great satisfaction and determination towards the scientific research. Galileo has the ability to communicate and explain the most complex ideas with clarity and precision, things these that makes him a very comprehensive teacher. He is shown as a patient teacher and especially with Andrea to whom he teaches and explains all his discoveries in great details. He is also an enthusiastic teacher and this is shown when he praises Andrea for his comprehension saying Very well pg.10 and also giving Andrea good advices like you must learn to think cautiously. Pg.74 He was a great influence to Andrea and this is shown when Andrea quotes Galileos doctrine Someone who doesnt know the truth is just thick-headed. But someone who does knows it and calls it a lie is a crook. Pg. 75 and 95. He lives the discovering of these scientific researches in a very optimistic and joyful way saying: A new time has begun, a time its a pleasure to live in. pg.10 He understands however that knowledge takes always time to be accepted and this is shown when he says I believe in Humanity, which means to say I believe in human reason. If it werent for that belief each morning I wouldnt have the power to get out of bed. Pg.29 Here, Galileo shows his faith in human reason and his optimism that only reason will be able to get the peoples support for astronomical truth. Then, he drops a pebble on the ground (scene 3) showing people that if they believe in the force of gravity seeing it, then they should also believe in astronomy by proofing it. Scene 6 His strong optimism is also shown when he claims that the old days are over, and this is a new time.Pg.6 and also But now the word is thats how things are, but they wont stay like that,Pg.6 both of these showing his great optimism towards him aim but also show him as a combatant of truth and progressivism. In conclusion, I would like to state that in my opinion Galileo Galilei has shown qualities, merits, talent and contributions that make him a real hero. His outstanding abilities, his great courage, his faith in universal truth, his comprehension and reasoning of some complex ideas, his great social concerns of the time and his fighting for the progress in science make Galileo with no doubts a heroic character. His feeble points and weaknesses of his personality, which all humans have, are for the most part minor taking into account his merits. With his famous mythical saying Eppur si muove, (english-and yet it moves) he has remained for the last four centuries as a great hero, which symbolizes that the conviction and confidence towards the truth is stronger than any obstacle.

Saturday, March 14, 2020

Relexes Essays

Relexes Essays Relexes Essay Relexes Essay Relexes BY samuell 23777 Reflexes Sam Viral Effector Knee Jerk Leg Moved Motor Reinforcement of the Knee-Jerk Leg Moved more intensely Ankle-Jerk Reflex Foot Twitched Biceps Jerk Did not detect Triceps Jerk Pupillary Pupils did not change Babinski Toe flexed Uvular Gagged Reaction Time 30cm/5cm/10cm 30cm/20cm/15cm Purpose: I ne purpose 0T tnls Ian Is to snow renexes ana now tne nervous system arcs and nerve impulses work in order to test out a certain reflex. Hypothesis: The reflex testings will show no abnormalities in our nervous system. If we reacted to all the trials then we will not have any abnormalities in our reflexive nervous system. Materials: Lab Partner A rubber hammer (Triangular) A Yard Stick A chart to record your reflexes 2) When the hammer hits the patella the sensory fiber leads into the central nercous system and connects to one or more interneurons. These interneurons communicate with motor neurons and then leads outward to the effectors. 3) Muscular tension dumbs out the signal responses for reflexes due to the amount of concentration and nergy concentrated onto the clenched part of the body. When clenching your fists during a fight or athletic contest your reflexes are not as effective because most of the energy is used to clench your fists. 4) The involuntary Jerks in the muscles after the reflex tests are similar in every trial 5) It is hard to catch the card because the reflexes and the impulses do not act quickly enough for us to catch the card within a short time span. The synapse uses chemicals to transfer impulses which slow down he reflex even more. Results: We obtain misleading results due to the gaps in our lab on how we did not respond toa certain reflex trial. Problems: We ran into a couple of errors while doing the experiment. Two of our reflex trials had shown that we did not react to it. The problem was that we might have not done the lab correctly thus creating a gap in our chart. Conclusion: Despite the problems we came onto during our lab due to inability to do the lab correctly, the lab proved our hypothesis n having no abnormalities in our reflexes. IVe learned how to test out persons reflexes and to check if their nervous system is working properly. I can apply this in my life if someone ever gets injured in the spine however small it is, I can test if the nervous system is still working or not. In order for this to be a better experiment my partner and I must redo the trials and make sure we have done each trial properly and correctly according to the directions and guidelines.

Thursday, February 27, 2020

Market for foreign exchange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market for foreign exchange - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of the foreign exchange market as one of the financial markets that is characterized by buyers and sellers of assets called Ã¢â‚¬ËœcurrenciesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. It has traditionally performed the role of converting one currency into another. It is consistent with the principles of market economy laid down by Adam Smith, according to which the value or price of a currency is determined by the market forces of demand and supply. The terms Ã¢â‚¬ËœpeggedÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ and Ã¢â‚¬ËœfloatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ are often discussed when dealing with foreign exchange markets and are means of determining the levels of controls on oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s currency. As mentioned above, a currency maybe pegged or valued against a basket of other currencies or maybe left to the market forces of demand of supply in what is known as Ã¢â‚¬Ëœfree floatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. In between the two, however, lies an intermediate form, the Ã¢â‚¬Ëœbalanced floatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ that is characterized by some government control bu t is largely based on the principles of demand and supply. Taking a more realistic view, the value of a countryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s currency is determined by the interplay of several factors including the economic, political, geographic environment. Tourism also positively affects the value of the currency by increasing demand for the countryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s currency. For instance, a tourist who visits country A will require country AÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s currency to purchase any goods and/or services in that country. Holding everything else constant, this shall result in an increase in demand for that currency, thus, bidding up its price.

Monday, February 10, 2020

Shitaos Drunk in Autumn Woods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shitaos Drunk in Autumn Woods - Essay Example Concurrently, trees at the center of the painting are denser in darker hues of gray and black. These trees have shades of orange and rust in their leaves. It is at this focal point where viewers get the chance to observe that there are people (friends) in three sets of settings amidst the conglomerate of autumn trees. At the left and middle portions, there are two sets of friends in groups of three which could be interpreted as drinking and sharing stories. They are seated on the grass and garbed in traditional Chinese robes. In addition, also at the mid-section, there are also friends seen to be walking where two friends are side by side and one is situated at the back just beneath a tall tree. Likewise, at the right side, on the banks of a river and sitting on a small boat is another person. These friends could be analyzed as on their way to a destination beyond the small bridge. In addition, just perpendicular to the bridge, two friends on horseback are seen riding. Finally, at the left lower portion of the painting, there are people seated on the porch of a house, apparently waiting. More trees are shown in the lower portion of the painting sharing similar shades of gray some with orange leaves. The painting could be interpreted as a venue where friends share memorable moments through sharing stories and a drink under the autumn trees. Other people are travellers on a journey who seem to enjoy the peaceful atmosphere of the environment. The positioning of images in strategically selected positions.

Friday, January 31, 2020

Color dichotomy vs. the ethnoracial pentagon Essay Example for Free

Color dichotomy vs. the ethnoracial pentagon Essay Throughout American politics, two particularly well known categorizations of race and ethnicity have arisen: Color Dichotomy and the later Ethno-racial Pentagon. Each seeks to define and categorize the vast racial diversity America prides itself on. While intending to create clear and fair ethno-racial constructions, there are obvious advantages and weak spots to each for the purposes of analyzing American politics. An old-fashioned and less popular method of categorization is the Color Dichotomy. This concept distinguishes two complementing counterparts to every situation; in terms of race and ethnicity: white and nonwhite (people of color). In the US, about 75% of Americans identify as white, while about 25% of Americans identify themselves as nonwhite. Applying this construct to other dividing barriers among people, other categories appear such as: oppressor vs oppressed, Hegemon vs. other, and dominant vs. minority. The main advantage of this concept is in its simplicity. By having only two dividing categories, everyone could conceivably fit neatly into one of these two categories. Collapsing an incredible amount of diversity of culture into one all encompassing colored category, however; this framework obviously contains numerous problems. Thousands of differences between many races and culture are consequently ignored. [] all distinctions between various colored peoples are less significant than the fact that they are nonwhite (Hollinger 25). It could also be argued that even the white category collapses many different origins into a bland and stereotypical title. The outright ignorance present within this model leads to its unpopularity within American politics especially. The ethno-racial pentagon challenges this model by supplying strong cultural content. In contrast to the two divisions within the color dichotomy, the ethno-racial pentagon provides five more specific categorizations of race/ethnicity: Euro-American, Asian American, African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Indigenous Peoples/Native American. To be sure, a value of the pentagon is its capacity to call attention to a certain range of social and cultural diversity (Hollinger 25). The pentagon also keeps some simplicity, however, so that people are easily categorized for the purposes of affirmative actionetc. Although this framework is moreÃ‚ attentive to the differences in the nonwhite group of the Color Dichotomy, it also still retains similar problems of ignoring certain races or collapsing many together into one. All of these ethno-racial blocs have distinguishable diversities which are ignored in order to be jammed into one category or another. Least apparent is the diversity within the Euro-American bloc, or whites. Indeed, Jews, who are now considered Euro-American/white, used to be considered a different race altogether. The Irish and the English, between which existed the vehement tension of conflict and oppression, are now thrust together under the same category with the ethno-racial pentagon. The internal diversity within the Asian American group (Koreans, Cambodians, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Japaneseand all of the consequent subgroups) must be quietly faded in order to make the category a unit; ignoring such tension between Koreans and Japanese for example. Another bloc in which the condensation of ethnic diversity is also less obvious is that African American bloc. The specific country of origin and culture within the African American bloc is forgotten or ignored as inconsequential. Key to this objection is the one-drop rule. This rule maintains that one drop of African American blood in a person designates that person African American regardless of their other ethnicity(ies). This rule obviously exists to maintain the existence of the African American category without the complications of recognizing white mixing (or other races). This gives the gross impression that African American blood is tainted, infectious, and overpowering. Besides ignoring differences within blocs, another major problem with the ethno-racial pentagon is the exclusion of Arab Americans and multiracial people. According the pentagon, Arabs do not even exist in the US. Multiracial people must either choose only one of their heritages and ignore the other, or choose not to be included under the pentagon. Both of these groups threaten to turn the pentagon into a hexagon. However, even this conformation would be unsuccessful as multiracial people are not necessarily part of their own racial group, but two or more. Ignoring their legitimate ethnicities to create a new bloc which only recognizes the fact that they are multiracial, and not their individual races, would create further problems. These visibly unfair factors continue to weaken the foundationÃ‚ supporting the ethno-racial pentagon. The ethno-racial pentagon furthermore places a strong and unnecessary emphasis on race as a dividing factor. Identifying an individual as one race or another brings excessive attention on the differences that could potentially separate Americans if these barriers are continually exaggerated and stressed. Interracial relationships are ignored with both systems. However, from a biological perspective, race can almost be ruled out as inconsequential. [] The genetic variation from one race to another is scarcely greater than the genetic variation between races (Hollinger 34). Morever, Hollinger claims If the classical race theory of the nineteenth century is not directly behind the pentagon, this structures architecture has its unmistakable origins in the most gross and invidious of popular images of what makes human beings different from one another (32). Overall, the two frameworks for categorization of ethnicity and race contain too many internal weaknesses to be used effectively and fairly in American politics.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Essay --

Introduction Cloud computing is the transmission of computing as a competence rather than an industrial good, whereby common means, software, and signs are delivered to computers and other apparatuses as a service over a system (Mell & Grance, 2011). Cloud computing acclaims, characteristically unified, facilities with the transported data, software, and control through a connection. Software as a service (SaaS) is frequently touched with cloud computing. End users have an access to cloud depended claims through a network browser or a light weight desktop or mobile app while the occupational software and facts are deposited on servers at a distant place. Cloud applications attempt to stretch the same or healthier service and presentation than if the software packages were connected nearby on the end-user processors. At the basis of cloud computing is the bigger idea of organization meeting (or Converged Substructure) and communal facilities. This sort of data focused environment permits enterprises to develop their requests up and running earlier, with calmer manageability and fewer upkeep, and allows IT to additional quickly adjust IT resources to encounter changing and unpredictable occupational demand. Cloud Clients Operators access cloud computing consuming interacted client strategies, such as desktop processors, laptops, tablets and mobile. Among these tools, cloud clients depend cloud computing for completely or a mainstream of their requests so as to be fundamentally lack of it. Instances are thin customers and the chrome nooks based on browsers. Numerous cloud submissions do not need precise software on the client and in its place use a net browser to interrelate through the cloud application. With AJAX and HTML5, these... ...asonable. It is also true for traditional/conventional data centers. Therefore countries with promising circumstances like Sweden, Europe and Switzerland are demanding to enthrall cloud computing statistics centers. Energy competence in cloud computing can consequence from energy conscious preparation and server alliance. Though, in the circumstance of dispersed clouds above data centers with dissimilar basis of energies counting renewable basis of energies, a small negotiation on energy ingesting reduction could outcome in high carbon footprint drop. This technology is expected to grow by leaps and bounds in the coming years, and may very well be one of the innovative technologies that spring our civilization into a new era. The speed in which information is being transferred and stored is growing constantly and there is no sign of that slowing down anytime soon.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Role of Marketing in the Non-Business Environment

October 2012 -Role of Marketing in the non-business environment since article Ã¢â‚¬Å"Broadening the Concept of MarketingÃ¢â‚¬ by Philip Kotler and Sidney J. Levy was published in 1969 Ã¢â‚¬â€ Written by Anthony Chi Yuen CHAN 1 Abstract Social economic development over the past 40 years has been drastic over the world. From 1970 to 2010, global GDP has grown over 20 times from 3,288 billion USD to 63,064 billion USDi. Government consumption expenditure per capita increased from 140 USD to 1,640 USD on global bases. In well developed countries and economic zone (like UKii and EU), ocial protection, general public services, health care, education, and national and public order and safety account for over 70% of government total spending. cause the increase of spending in the public sector? What had been changed to While large amount of money had been spent, what has changed in the public sector to ensure the effectiveness of spending? Private sector managerial techniques, practices a nd orientations, marketing strategies and dimensions helped shaping the evolution of public management to be more efficiently and effectively.The purpose of this paper is to state specific examples of the adaptation of marketing management strategies and tactics at the selected areas of public services. Particular case will illustrate how STP, 4PÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s, and 3PÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s adopted in the decision making process. Understanding the background of social evolution, we will examine how demographic and economic improvement has driven these marketing strategies in these civil services in Hong Kong over the past 40 years. IntroductionEvery organization, private sector or public services alike, depend greatly on marketing strategies and communication to promote their goods and services. Hong Kong Government has evolved its public communication from minimum interaction to highly involvement in planning, researching, consulting, implementing of the new regulations and policies. The objectives a re obvious, better execution, greater acceptance, less rebellious toward administrative power. After Second World War, Hong Kong was governed by British system.One will not be surprised to learn Hong Kong transformation from a small fishing village to a modern business and manufacturing city was greatly benefited by immigrating many British public services and social management policies and experiences. At the beginning of the colonial rule, many of the establishment and policies were implemented through a direct top down approach. British Government at the U. K. assigned Governor to Hong Kong to decide and implemented all policies across the society. Minimum communication was noted from the Government for promotion of new policies. ommunication. External limitation also put barriers to effective At the 1950Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s social communication media was very limited. The lack of basic formal communication tools like newspaper and radio broadcasting was one of the challenges at the beginni ng. General population literacy was low also accounted for limitation of communication. As society improved, education level has risen, government new policies were demanded to be explained and rationalized before implementation. Modern government communications have to utilizing all available tradition and modern media. Advertising through multi-lingual newspaper, prime time television advertising at television, radio broadcasting with advertisement and commentary shows; public transportation exterior/interior advertising; mobile phone messaging; smart phone application; internet media (blogs; facebook; twitters; government web sites etc) are fully utilized to let government communication reaching complicated social segments. Likewise, the internet age of marketing communication channels also encouraged faster and direct general public feedback be reverted to the concerned government bodies.Privatization of some public services, like parks and garden management, public area hygiene , and airport security management of non-critical zone etc. , influenced the image of quality services. Service privatization also has a reverse influence back to Government to review marketing strategies. As a result, Hong Kong civil service activities are managed through a more business-like management structure, and commercial marketing strategy and tactics becoming more evidence. We will examine various examples of Government policies and activities where marketing management philosophies are adopted.Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Marketing as strategy (STP) While social and economic development enriched, modern social needs becoming complicated, deeper to details, and towards long term stability. Majority of population has their basic humanity needs satisfied, the Government started to consider long term social protection. Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) is designed for workforce to plan for retirement life. Before the implication of the MPF System, only about one-third of the Hong Kong workforce had some form retirement protection.From a marketing strategy point of view, MPF program identified the need for retirement saving for all workforces. Therefore, any employee, no matter full time or causal, at the age between 18 to 65 is included in the segment. The main target groups within this segment are those employee who has no experience nor has knowledge to establish his/her own retirement saving program with financial institutes. Therefore, it is required by law to join compulsory retirement saving plan for a minimum saving level per month. For employee who are not in the main target (i. e. apable and willing to contribute more than the minimum saving level), the MPF program has the flexibility to allow non-target group contributors to put extra money to the mandatory saving level. MPF is a financial saving services that position itself as mass population at a monthly affordable contribution rat e. There are similar retirement saving options offe red by other financial institutions, but most of them are not targeting mass market. A series of TV commercial were made and aired (for example http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=-DcC1pccSTM) for the promotion of MPF.In the video, it is clearly illustrated the segment, target, and position of this program. Intangible (services) vs Tangible (physical) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 4PÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s : Products Public management is traditionally considered to be a service oriented sector, and therefore offering intangible products. Public security, national health, emergency assistance, education, 3 and legal justice, just to name a few, are critical services provided by public administrators. Public administration also provides tangible products such as subsided housing, government publication, municipal water supply, and land sale etc.Public Housing Strategy Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 4PÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s : Price Hong Kong Housing Society and Hong Kong Housing Authority offer government subsidized housing for particular population segmen t. Because of the complexity of housing demand and affordability, Government designed four major types of subsidized housing programs. All of these public and subsidized housing program are targeted to different user groups, and are positioned very differently. Each of the program also has different level of discount rate, either for sale or for rent, when compare with open market value. ange of restrictions and eligibility criteria. Users are generally subjected to a Each of the pricing structure is evaluated based on target group income and affordability. Market researches are done, and public hearing is held before program reveal to public. Public housing prices are designed to balance user affordability and at the same time protect open market housing prices stability. Below are the iii four main housing schemet :. ? Home Ownership Scheme estates are subsidized sale-to-public housing estates for low-income residents.They are usually built adjacent to or within Public Rental Hous ing and nearly identical in construction. They are managed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and are earmarked for sale to low-income qualifiers at prices which are heavily discounted from market value, and the land value is similarly subsidized. The mortgage and resale of these units in the second-hand market are likewise restricted to eligible low-income residents. Within a public housing estate development, some blocks may be designated by the Authority exclusively for rental while others may be earmarked for sale. ?Tenants Purchase Scheme allows existing tenants in the rented public housing program to purchase their flats. The sale prices are set around 50% to 60% lower than the market prices of private flats due to subsidies and restriction on selling. ? Flat-for-Sale Scheme allows flats under the scheme for sale at concessionary price. ? Sandwich Class Housing Scheme estates were built for sale to lower-middle and middle-income residents, known as the sandwich class, who did not qualify for low-income public housing in the Home Ownership Scheme but still had trouble affording private housing.The quality and market positioning of Sandwich Class Housing were significantly higher than public housing estates and comparable to some middle-class private developments. These units were sold at levels that were slightly below market value and came with a five-year resale restriction. Land development as new source Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 4PÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s : Place Hong Kong has land size at 1,100 square kilometers, and population grown from four million in 4 1970 to 7. 2 million in 2010. That makes Hong Kong one of the most densely populated city in the world. Hong Kong Land Department holds one of the most scared resources, land.Urban development and local economic highly depend on availability of land sales. Therefore, promotion and marketing communication of land planning become increasingly important over years. Private sectors as well as general citizen concern about future new land supply as well as timeworn redevelopment zone. Land development as well as land source of land affects property prices, and the urbanization development planiv. One good recent example is the Geotechnical Engineering Department confirms the technical capability of underground land and cavern for new source of land.This marks a new era for the possible new Ã¢â‚¬Å"placeÃ¢â‚¬ for future property market and industrial zone development. The GED makes use of short video to promote new land supply idea (see endnoteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s hyper link)v. Crime prevention Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 4PÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s : Promotion Police force goals and objective have dramatically changed for the last four decades from mainly law enforcement operation to equally emphasizing the importance of crime prevention. Study have shown in different country that increase of police force does not necessary reverse proportion to the number of crime. i Therefore, a lot of marketing and promotion effort have been dedicated to home security d esign, drug abuse prevention, internet crime awareness, and police force recruitmentvii, proper automobile driving technique etc. As social and communication media develops and widened, communication channels broadened from traditional newspaper advertising to internet social platform such as police force websiteviii, facebook, youtube, tweeter, discussion forum, to personal contact like public relationship division within the police force.Public sector personal and organizational marketing Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 3PÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s : People After the transfer of sovereignty to People Republic of China, Hong Kong government organization and management became increasing transparent. Hong Kong resident has increasing interest of government departmental leadership, and government operation efficiency. Compare to forty years ago, when Hong Kong was still under British colonial rule, the Governor, Executive Council, Legislative Council, as well as most public politician were all appointed by the Government.De mocratic election slowly started in the 1980Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s for local district representatives and a portion of Legislative Council. Personal marketing in the public services became more and more importantix. Two examples are the recent Legislative Council (LECO) Election, and Hong Kong Special Administration Region Chief Executive Election. LECO election is an open democratic election for all qualified citizen. Competitions are big between candidates, and are compared based on their experiences, past contribution to the society, and related political partyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s reputation. Education system reform progress Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 3PÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s : Process While every spot light falls onto the people, in the public sector, the ultimate goal for a government is to implement set policies and procedures. Taking for example, the Education Department just recently introduced a new secondary and territorial school system in Hong Kong. The new system revised the seven years secondary schooling to six years, but extending the normal three years under graduate programmes to four years. New Product (Education System) Development Strategy was use. The education ureau made use of product development concept of idea generation, preliminary analysis, detail investigation and research, planning and development, communication, testing, implementation, and auditing cycle. x xi The result was a smoother implementation, better acceptance by education institutions, students, parents, and prevented political instability in case of adverse situation. Conclusion Social, economic, political, and education development evolves over time. Citizens are demanding more frequent, closer, deeper, and highly transparent participation in public administration.Therefore, non-business organization like public administration and political management spend more resources (time, man power, and money) at the early stage of new social policy development. Citizens are defined as customers or end user in the public administ ration model. Because of the rising demand by the customers for better involvement during the course of public administration, and, at the same time, administrators wants to have higher chance of success and sustainability of new policy, customers involvement of the early part of Stage-gate Processing becoming evident, which is in contrast with public policy development four decades ago.American Marketing Association (AMA) who defines Ã¢â‚¬Å"MarketingÃ¢â‚¬ for its members, have also renew the definition to suit with the ever changing environment. In the letter from Mike Lotti and Don Lehmann, Chairperson of the Board and Committee Chair of AMA, subjected New Definition of Marketing dated December 2007, Lotti and Lehmann said Ã¢â‚¬Å"(the new definition of) Marketing is regarded as an Ã¢â‚¬ËœactivityÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ instead of a Ã¢â‚¬ËœfunctionÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ and positions marketing as a broader activity in a company/organization, and not just a department.The new definition also positions marketi ng as providing long term value rather than narrowly as an exchange of money (short-term) for the benefit of the shareholder/organization. Ã¢â‚¬ xii European marketing community also published similar notion a few years earlier than its US counterpart, defining that Ã¢â‚¬Å"long-term customer relationships are considered as the cornerstone of marketingÃ¢â‚¬ xiii. This is in line with modern public administratorsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ objective, that is to satisfy the needs of different segments and targets of citizens.It is worth to note that this paper is not to argue marketing management strategies, tactics, and concepts in public sector did not exist in Hong Kong at the early years. As a matter of the facts, in the 60s and 70s, Government have organized activities to understand customer (local residents) 6 needs related to long term social development plan and pre-execution hearing sessions with local leaders and legislators, but only at a lot less formal and structured as the society current ly established. In response to Levy and KotlerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s article, DavidJ.Luck had argued that marketing strategies and activities had been in used in various government activities before Kotler and LevyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s article was publishedxiv. When social, economic, and political reforms continue, society should expect to see marketing activities in non-business organization, particularly for public administration sector, to continue evolves alongside with modern marketing management methologies. i Ivan KushnirÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Research Center, kushnirs. org rd ii UK Public Spending since 1963, Simon Rogers, 3 June 2012, guardian. o. uk iii Milestones: Hong Kong Housing Society Housing Price, Land Supply and Revenue from Land Sales, Raymond Y. C. Tse, 2012 v Enhanced use of underground space in Hong Kong, Geotechnical Engineering Department, http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=jZ_IX0KocNk&list=UUi4fX-nEJseYhlAuY4DJ0wQ&index=7&feature=pl cp vi Law Enforcement Marketing: Perceptions of a police force, Peter Bohan, 1987. vii Hong Kong Police: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ckDWtaWNHo0 viii Hong Kong Police: http://www. police. gov. hk/ppp_en/index. tml ix After ten years of transfer of sovereignty: political stability and reform in Hong Kong, Jermain T. M. Lam, 2008 x Stage-gate systems: a new tool for managing new products, Robert G. Cooper, 1990 xi Marketing in the public sector: Inappropriate or merely difficult? : Peter Graham, 2010 xii th AMA Definition of Marketing: Mike Lotti and Don Lehmann, December 17 , 2007 xiii Defining Marketing: A market-Oriented Approach: Christian Gronroos, 1989 xiv Broadening the Concept of Marketing. Too Far: David J. Luck, 1969 iv 7